Version 1.2, November 2002

  Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

0. PREAMBLE

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional 
and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the 
effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, 
either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves 
for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not 
being considered responsible for modifications made by others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the 
document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU 
General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free 
software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free 
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program 
should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. 
But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any 
textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a 
printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is 
instruction or reference.

1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains 
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the 
terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free 
license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated 
herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member 
of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license 
if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under 
copyright law.

A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or 
a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or 
translated into another language.

A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the 
Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or 
authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related 
matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall 
subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a 
Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be 
a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or 
of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding 
them.

The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are 
designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that 
the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the 
above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as 
Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document 
does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.

The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as 
Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the 
Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 
words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.

A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, 
represented in a format whose specification is available to the general 
public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with 
generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs 
or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable 
for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of 
formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise 
Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged 
to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. 
An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. 
A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII 
without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a 
publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF 
designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include 
PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read 
and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD 
and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated 
HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes 
only.

The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such 
following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License 
requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have 
any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent 
appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the 
text.

A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title 
either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that 
translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section 
name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", 
"Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when 
you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" 
according to this definition.

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states 
that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are 
considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards 
disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers 
may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.

2. VERBATIM COPYING

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or 
noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the 
license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in 
all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this 
License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading 
or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may 
accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough 
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may 
publicly display copies.

3. COPYING IN QUANTITY

If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed 
covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license 
notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, 
clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front 
cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly 
and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover 
must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and 
visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with 
changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the 
Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in 
other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you 
should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual 
cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 
100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with 
each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network 
location from which the general network-using public has access to download 
using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the 
Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take 
reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in 
quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at 
the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute 
an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition 
to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the 
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a 
chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

4. MODIFICATIONS

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the 
conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified 
Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the 
role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the 
Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do 
these things in the Modified Version:

    * A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct 
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, 
if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may 
use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that 
version gives permission.
    * B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities 
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, 
together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of 
its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you 
from this requirement.
    * C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified 
Version, as the publisher.
    * D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
    * E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent 
to the other copyright notices.
    * F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice 
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of 
this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
    * G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections 
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
    * H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
    * I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add 
to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of 
the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section 
Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, 
authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an 
item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
    * J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for 
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network 
locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These 
may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a 
work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if 
the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
    * K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", 
Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the 
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or 
dedications given therein.
    * L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in 
their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not 
considered part of the section titles.
    * M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be 
included in the Modified Version.
    * N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or 
to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
    * O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that 
qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the 
Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as 
invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in 
the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any 
other section titles.

You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing 
but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, 
statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an 
organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage 
of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts 
in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of 
Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one 
entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, 
previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are 
acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, 
on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give 
permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply 
endorsement of any Modified Version.

5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, 
under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided 
that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of 
the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of 
your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their 
Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple 
identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are 
multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make 
the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in 
parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if 
known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles 
in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the 
various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise 
combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled 
"Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."

6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents 
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License 
in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the 
collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim 
copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it 
individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License 
into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects 
regarding verbatim copying of that document.

7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and 
independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution 
medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the 
compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users 
beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an 
aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate 
which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of 
the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire 
aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the 
Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the 
Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers 
that bracket the whole aggregate.

8. TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute 
translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant 
Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright 
holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in 
addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include 
a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, 
and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original 
English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and 
disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the 
original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original 
version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or 
"History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will 
typically require changing the actual title.

9. TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as 
expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, 
sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically 
terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received 
copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses 
terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free 
Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in 
spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new 
problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the 
Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any 
later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and 
conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has 
been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the 
Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any 
version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.